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Hedgehogs are often referred to the grouping of 'pocket pets' or small mammals, there is the generically-named African hedgehog, which has become relatively popular for an exotic pet. It is oftentimes stated that these prickly insectivores are actually a hybrid species betwixt the four-toed or white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and the North African or Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus), withal this remains just a pop theory. Information technology is much more probable that the so-called African pygmy hedgehog, of which the proper noun was coined by American breeders, is a domesticated white-bellied hedgehog that could possibly be crossed with a subspecies, as true hybrids tend to have reduced fertility.

• In captivity there are 92 recognized hedgehog variations.
• Hedgehog average lifespan is 3.5-five years, maximum 9 years.
• Hedgehogs are in the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae - share distant ancestry with shrews
• Non related to porcupines, tenrecs, or rodents.
• Hedgehogs (and porcupines) cannot shoot their quills.
• Hedgehogs became popular 'fad pets' in the eighty'due south with large numbers imported.

Are hedgehogs wild fauna?

Hedgehogs are ofttimes described every bit exotic pets simply because they are less mutual than dogs and cats and they are even referred to every bit wild animals. If a domesticated creature is understood to exist a species selectively-bred under human-controlled conditions for generations to encounter human needs, a hedgehog tin and should be considered as such. At that place might non be obvious differences betwixt hedgehogs existing in the wild and the mass produced domestic pets that nosotros know, merely given that hedgehogs accept been bred in captivity for many generations, it's likely that they have enhanced adaptability to the domestic environment because hedgehogs that are nervous effectually humans won't tend to brood as well every bit those that do. African pygmy hedgehogs are too exposed to humans from a young age likely making them tamer than a true wild animal.

Hedgehog legality

Despite beingness wildly available and not fifty-fifty 'wild', hedgehogs are not legal in some counties, cities, and states. Hedgehogs are not legal in Hawaii, which has stringent laws against almost all exotic pets and fifty-fifty strict quarantine requirements for incoming dogs and cats.
Hedgehogs are illegal in:

• Hawaii
• California
• Pennsylvania
• Washington D.C.v
• Maine
• Arizona
• Georgia (there are currently efforts to overturn the ban in some of these states) without special permits, which has no logical footing.

Environmentalists worried about hedgehogs escaping into the ecosystem and doing impairment demand look no further than their neighboring states where the pets are legal and the complete absenteeism of any problems. As for any then-called health risks such every bit Salmonella, they are the same risks nosotros have with the ownership of 'common' pets, petting zoos, nutrient training, and many other unquestioned practices. Unfortunately, exotic pet owners face a course of discrimination due to the lesser popularity (compared to dogs and cats) of their animals.

"Harinezumi_01" past Yuki Hirano is licensed under CC By 2.0

Hedgehogs as pets

Hedgehogs are unique and interesting because of their quills, a feature nigh mammals exercise not possess. These attributes may intimidate some people merely unlike with porcupines, these short spines are more often than not harmless and hedgehogs can be handled taking into consideration their temperament. Hedgehogs will roll into a ball when scared and tin endeavour to prick you when being defensive, but properly tamed pets will be inquisitive and friendly. Like many other small pets, hedgehogs are nocturnal so they might not make the best pet for a kid. They are solitary and prefer to live alone.

The best hedgehog enclosure

The standard recommendation for the minimum size enclosure for a hedgehog is a ii past four anxiety long cage designed for pocket-sized mammals. When choosing an enclosure, keep in the mind that hedgehogs are relatively agile minor animals and will be spending well-nigh of their lives in the muzzle. Since most people don't permit their pet hedgehogs to free roam for periods of fourth dimension, attempt and accommodate a larger space for them. Unfortunately, not all hedgehogs run on wheels, so this will cistron into their space requirements equally well. Be certain to give your hedgehog the pick of a wheel anyway; the wheel volition also need to have the proper width to suit a wider girth and should be at least 12" in diameter. Some wheels are offered with holes because hedgehogs tend to use the bathroom while wheel-running which can become very messy.

• Choosing a wire cage will provide adequate ventilation.
• A deep pan volition contain the substrate better and forestall the hedgehog from attempting to climb the sides which could atomic number 82 to injury.
• ½" wire spacing is recommended.
• Bootleg C&C cages with coroplast are a good pick for hedgehogs, just be sure the sides are high enough.
• Another option is converting the Ikea Detolf shelf into a large cage, which requires minimal DIY.

Hedgehog Cage Accessories

Pick a soft substrate to use in the hedgehog's enclosure such equally Carefresh or soft aspen bedding. Avoid sharper-textured bedding that can be potentially injurious. Besides avert pine bedding that is not kiln-dried and cedar bedding considering some research has shown it to have a toxic touch with long term use in some pocket-sized animals.

A practiced bowl to cull for a hedgehog would be a heavy ceramic bowl that the animal cannot tip over. Information technology is not recommended to utilise hamster-type water bottles that attach to the side of the cage for hedgehogs equally owners report that they drink less, likely due to the fact that drinking in an elevated position is unnatural for them. Some owners have as well reported broken teeth and tongues getting stuck in these types of water bottles.

There are many options to provide a hiding spot for hedgehogs, and this is important so that your pet can be secure. Anything from wood to fleece tin be acceptable. Hedgehogs appreciate something soft to sleep on besides and can be provided with a blanket or soft type of bedding (avoid 'fluffy' blazon bedding textile that has been known to wrap around the legs of small animals and cause serious injury).

Doctor_Q (CC BY-SA 2.0) Via Flickr

Hedgehog toys and enrichment

Enrichment is an extremely important office to successfully raising a good for you pet. Since hedgehogs are not rodents, many small animal toys that are designed for gnawing volition not be suitable for them. Hedgehogs are known to 'play' with toys by pushing or tossing them effectually. Items that tin can provide this stimulation include small balls and pino cones. Of course, there are many other options.

One of the best means to provide enrichment for any animate being is to make them work for their nutrient. High-valued nutrient items tin can exist placed in various treat-dispensing apparatuses so that your hedgehog can forge or 'hunt' for it like it would exercise in the wild. Food can be hidden in dog and true cat toys designed for this purpose, or bootleg in inexpensive items similar toilet paper rolls.

Hedgehogs also capeesh something to climb nether. Provide tunnels like PVC pipe or some of the many options available on the modest pet market.

Feeding your hedgehog

In that location are several commercial diets designed for hedgehogs on the market. Hedgehogs are insectivores but may also swallow some plant material. Loftier poly peptide cat nutrient is another option owners use with their hedgehogs. This diet can be supplemented with canned, freeze-stale or live feeder insects. Some other treats that can be used are boiled craven or turkey, fruits and vegetables, and cooked eggs. Be sure to keep an centre on your hedgehog's weight as they can exist prone to obesity, and ration the portions appropriately.

Taming a hedgehog

Depending on the historic period that yous acquire your hedgehog, it might need time to adjust to handling and require socialization. Information technology'southward best to use slow movements when taming and handling and this should exist attempted a few times a twenty-four hours, but not for likewise long at a time as to avoid causing too much stress. Information technology is important to make the handling feel positive for the hedgehog; be certain to reward it with a small-scale slice of a favored nutrient item when the animal has behaved in a desirable fashion. Scoop the hedgehog from underneath its soft belly and reward when the fauna uncurls itself to explore without defensive actions. Doing this consistently should allow your pet to accept interaction with a conscientious handler. Call up that hedgehogs are small prey animals, and so they will ever have a level of weariness with being handled.

Hands Optek (CC BY-ND two.0) Via Flickr

Wellness Concerns

It is extremely important to locate a board certified exotic pet vet for hedgehogs. Signs of illness in hedgehogs and other exotic pets tin be subtle and hard for owners to discover until they become obvious, which is generally when the affliction is besides advanced to treat successfully. If a board-certified (in exotic mammal medicine) veterinary is not located in your surface area, try to find a vet with extensive experience with not-traditional animals. Equally hedgehogs can be very difficult to examine due to their balling up addiction, they will likely require light sedation, so you will certainly desire a vet experienced with anesthetizing smaller animals.

Unfortunately, cancer is a uniquely prevalent problem in hedgehogs. Tumors are most oft reported in the mouth and alimentary canal, but they can occur anywhere in the body. The chance of finding a tumor increases as your pet ages; this typically starts around iii years old. Other symptoms can include weight loss, languor, and anorexia. While treatment can be attempted, the cancer is typically incurable at this phase.

In improver to tumors of the mouth, hedgehogs can get dental disease which can lead to or exasperate other health bug. Periodontal disease, also prevalent in many popular pets like dogs and cats, is acquired by buildup of plaque underneath the gum line, and over time, this can be a window for bacteria to enter the trunk and crusade more astringent problems similar center disorders.

Other common health problems

• Diarrhea. If your hedgehog has diarrhea it can be a symptom of many unlike illness such as bacterial or parasitic infection. It is not a skilful Idea to try and diagnose the brute yourself with Google and then it is essential to visit a vet if abnormal stool is observed.
• Obesity. If your hedgehog balls up and you can notwithstanding see its face, ears, or anxiety, it has a weight problem. Obesity is a common problem in hedgehogs when the diet is not managed properly. Always monitor the diet and do not free feed. If your pet becomes overweight, adjust the portions accordingly.
• Eye issues. Hedgehogs are prone to eye problems and corneal ulcers. Treatment options are express just the condition tin can be managed and the animals tin can nonetheless do well with reduced eye sight.
• Respiratory Infection. If a hedgehog develops discharge effectually the front half of its body or has nifty and wheezing sounds while breathing, it might have a respiratory infection, which is highly treatable with antibiotics but serious, and then be sure to visit the vet quickly.

Where to purchase a hedgehog

At that place are many places to learn a hedgehog since they are relatively popular for an exotic pet. This means that they are sometimes bachelor in pet stores. As is the example with well-nigh animals, it is always all-time to buy from a reputable breeder, specially considering that hedgehogs are prone to health problems that are likely exasperated by 'bad' convenance practices.  In uncommon cases, some hedgehogs may even be available for adoption, so be certain to check small animal rescues or sites similar Petfinder.com. Hedgehogs come in different colorations which will cause them to vary in price. This can range from around $seventy for a 'normal' colour or up to $300 for more unique colorations.

Hedgehogs Diet

The nutrition for your sus scrofa will be a commercial hedgehog food or a loftier protein, low fat true cat food with supplements of insects, cooked unseasoned meat, veggies and fruits that tin be used as treats. Be careful to not over feed your hog. Obesity is a wellness hazard and can pb to liver problems.

Housing a hedgehog is non elaborate. They exercise all-time in a wire cage that has a tiptop. The bigger the cage, the ameliorate. For one hog, a 20 inch past 14 inch cage volition exercise well if you lot take him/her out for exercise time. In the wild a hedgehog may travel miles in search of food so the more than exercise time or larger cage the happier hedgehog yous will have. You can also include an practise bicycle in the cage that many but not all hedgehogs will utilize information technology. Only make sure that you go a solid cycle and non i with a wire run surface. The floor of the cage needs to be solid so that they will not get their little toes caught or any pes issues. Yous tin have a multilevel cage but make sure all ramps are solid and that the levels are non high up. A hedgehog has poor eyesight and may fall from wired ramps. A comfortable environment temperature volition be from 70 degrees to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Now a hedgehog is not an fauna that will go into hibernation naturally. So if the body temperature is dropped it tin be fatal to the squealer. If you are worried well-nigh the temperature being too common cold then purchase a reptile estrus source to keep your pig warm. Hogs exercise like night spaces to sleep in. Yous can buy a hedgehog tent, blanket or a house for them to sleep in. Some other item y'all may want to include in the muzzle is a litter box. Some hedgehogs volition train to using the litter box, but there are ones that volition determine to apply another area of the cage.

Hedgehog Health

Hedgehogs are mostly hardy healthy animals. Only there are a few health issues that you should be aware for to sentry out for. These would exist depression body temperature, diarrhea and airsickness, respiratory illness, shock, mange, ringworm, fleas, ticks and maggots. If y'all suspect your grunter having whatever of these, please contact a veterinarian that has knowledge in hedgehogs.

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